Development and commercial use of Bollgard cotton in the USA--early promises versus today's reality.

نویسندگان

  • F J Perlak
  • M Oppenhuizen
  • K Gustafson
  • R Voth
  • S Sivasupramaniam
  • D Heering
  • B Carey
  • R A Ihrig
  • J K Roberts
چکیده

Bollgard cotton is the trademark given to a number of varieties of cotton bio-engineered to produce an insecticidal protein from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). When produced by the modified cotton plants, this protein controls certain lepidopterous cotton insect pests. Commercially available since 1996, these cotton varieties are purchased under a license agreement in which the growers pay a fee and agree to abide by the terms, which include a 1-year license to use the technology and agreement to participate in an insect resistance management program. Today, Bollgard cotton is grown on more than one-third of all cotton acreage in the USA. This product has reduced cotton production costs and insecticide use by providing an effective alternative to chemical insecticides for the control of tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens; cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa zea; and pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella. The specificity and safety profile of the Bt protein produced in planta in cotton was maintained. It has retained its selectivity for lepidopterous insects and lacks the characteristics found in potential allergenic proteins. Fiber quality, the agronomic characteristics of the plant and seed composition remain unchanged. New cotton technology is being developed to provide improved insect control and a wider spectrum of activity. These future products could further reduce insecticide use in the production of cotton, while maintaining the high level of safety and reliability that has been demonstrated by five seasons of Bollgard cotton use.

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

منابع مشابه

Development of bollworms, Helicoverpa zea, on two commercial Bollgard® cultivars that differ in overall Cry1Ac levels

Research was conducted to quantify the development of the corn earworm (= bollworm), Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), on two different transgenic cotton cultivars (DP 50B and NuCOTN 33B) that contained different levels of the Cry1Ac endotoxin from the soil bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner. Using a field cage, an inverse relationship between the amount of Cry1Ac among cultivars versus the wei...

متن کامل

How Useful Are Early Economic Models?; Comment on “Problems and Promises of Health Technologies: The Role of Early Health Economic Modelling”

Early economic modelling has long been recommended to aid research and development (R&D;) decisions in medical innovation, although they are less frequently published and critically appraised. A review of 30 innovations by Grutters et al provides an opportunity to evaluate how early models are used in practice. The evidence of early models can be used to inform two types...

متن کامل

Performance of Bollgard Ii in Arkansas in 2003

Bollgard® II was compared to Bollgard® and conventional (i.e., non-Bt) cotton in order to observe effectiveness against the Heliothine complex and various lepidopterous pests. In the trial, Bollgard II and Bollgard performed marginally better when compared to conventional cotton with respect to square, bloom, and boll damage. Bollgard II performed significantly better than Bollgard and conventi...

متن کامل

Modeling in Early Stages of Technology Development: Is an Iterative Approach Needed?; Comment on “Problems and Promises of Health Technologies: The Role of Early Health Economic Modeling”

A recent paper by Grutters et al makes the case for early health economic modeling in the development of health technologies. A number of examples of the value of early modeling are given, with analyses being performed at different stages in the development of several non-drug health technologies. This commentary acknowledges the contribution of the paper by Grutters et...

متن کامل

Bollgard II Efficacy on the Heliothine Complex

Bollgard cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) containing the CryIAc endotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner became commercially available to cotton producers in 1996. Bollgard cultivars since that time have provided excellent control of the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens F., for growers in Arkansas. Control of bollworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), and other lepidopterous pests has been less ...

متن کامل

ذخیره در منابع من


  با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

عنوان ژورنال:
  • The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology

دوره 27 6  شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 2001